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China White was an influential hardcore punk band from Huntington Beach, California,〔Epting, Chris (2014). ''Rock 'n' Roll in Orange County: Music, Madness and Memories''. The History Press. ISBN 9781626196094. p. 72.〕 famous for their EP ''Danger Zone'' and their violent gigs.〔Jackson, Nate (March 28, 2013). ("OC Punk Community Launches a Benefit Concert to Help China White Guitarist Frank Ruffino" ). ''blogs.ocweekly.com''. Retrieved October 16, 2015.〕 They were, along with Social Distortion and T.S.O.L., the most preeminent figures of the early Orange County punk scene.〔Epting, Chris (2014). ''Rock 'n' Roll in Orange County: Music, Madness and Memories''. The History Press. ISBN 9781626196094. p. 73.〕〔Sheklian, Brian (April 2007). ("Sun, Sand, and Safety Pins: The Sensationalistic Saga of Punk Rock in Surf City" ). ''trakmarx.com''. Retrieved October 17, 2015.〕 The photographer Glen E. Friedman once described the band's sound as: ==Biography== The band was founded by guitarist Frank Ruffino in the fall of 1979,〔〔("Social Task" ). ''artifixrecords.com''. Retrieved October 17, 2015.〕〔Barrie, George. (Social Task biography ). ''stereokiller.com''. Retrieved October 17, 2015.〕 lining up Scott Sisunik on vocals, Marc Martin as second guitarist, James Rodriguez on bass and Richard "Skitchblade" Katchadoorian on drums,〔〔 who was replaced shortly after by Vince Mesa.〔〔 The group's name was taken from the slang term for alpha-Methylfentanyl, the same synthetic opioid that killed Darby Crash in 1980,〔Blush, Steven (2001). ''American Hardcore: A Tribal History''. Second ed., 2010. Feral House. ISBN 9781932595895. p. 17.〕 and by the Johnny Thunders and the Heartbreakers' song "Chinese Rocks".〔 According to Sisunik,〔Stogref (August 4, 2012). ("China White - Addiction .2 !" ). ''deathburger.doodlekit.com''. Retrieved September 3, 2015.〕 the band's logo was designed inspired by a similar one〔("The Twilight Zone: Season 5, Episode 18 - Black Leather Jackets (31 Jan. 1964)", still frame ). ''imdb.com''. Retrieved August 17, 2015.〕〔(''The Twilight Zone'': Season 5, Episode 18 - "Black Leather Jackets" (January 31, 1964), still frame ). ''twilightzonemuseum.com''. Retrieved August 17, 2015.〕 featured on ''The Twilight Zone'' episode "Black Leather Jackets", aired on January 31, 1964.〔("The Twilight Zone: Season 5, Episode 18 - Black Leather Jackets (31 Jan. 1964)" ). ''imdb.com''. Retrieved August 17, 2015.〕 After Sisunik quit the band to went on to form Social Task in late 1979,〔〔 Marc, who sang backups, and played guitar, switched to lead vocals and left guitar duties to Frank. Vince Mesa also quit in 1980 and was replaced by Frank's elder brother, Joey Ruffino. Along with Rodriguez, this is considered the most relevant and stable China White formation.〔 After making their mark on both the O.C. and L.A. club circuits, in 1981 China White signed to Frontier Records and released their first EP, ''Danger Zone'' with its infamous front cover of a murder scene photographed by Edward Colver in 1981.〔〔〔Blush, Steven (2001). ''American Hardcore: A Tribal History''. Second ed., 2010. Feral House. ISBN 9781932595895. p. 107.〕 They also featured tracks on New Underground Records' compilations ''Life Is Ugly So Why Not Kill Yourself'' from 1982, and ''Life Is Beautiful So Why Not Eat Health Foods'' from 1983. In 1984, after Marc, James and Joey quit the band, Frank brought Sisunik back to sing, while Corey Stretz took over on bass and Spanky became the drummer. After a show at the Olympic Auditorium in 1985, they disbanded. The band resurfaced in 1993, when Frank Ruffino recorded China White's first full-length album, ''Addiction'', with bassist Stretz, Jeff Porter as new singer and James Lugo as new drummer. This formation played some gigs on the West Coast but disbanded a few months after the release of ''Addiction'' in 1995. In 2002, Marc Martin, James Rodriguez and the Ruffino brothers reappeared for a reunion tour. They released two albums on Malt Soda Recordings in 2004: the limited edition ''Live Cheap CD'', with extracts from this and past tours; and ''Addiction.2'', a re-release of their ''Addiction'' material plus two new 1997 studio tracks as well as ten live songs from a 2003 show. In 2009, Frank Ruffino was diagnosed with severe liver problems, a biproduct of years of hard drinking and drug abuse, despite his resolve to get clean and sober after the band's heyday. Under medical treatment since then, by 2013, overwhelmed by cirrhosis and cancer, doctors told the guitarist and his wife, Ella, that his only shot at survival was a liver transplant.〔 On March 30, 2013, China White classic lineup, along with some major bands in Orange County punk scene like Cadillac Tramps, The Stitches and The Crowd, among others, gathered for a one-off benefit show held at Santa Ana´s The Observatory to raise funds for Ruffino´s medical expenses. Frank was present but too ill to play, Mike Drake from The Outsiders played guitar. Despite these efforts, including an auction, Frank Ruffino died, waiting for a transplant, on June 4, 2013.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「China White (band)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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